madera

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Interpretive Program

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

hall

Principal Facade Features

twin tower belfry

stepped wall

choir loft

Ancillary Features

kivas

San Francisco de la Espada

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:19:23 +0000

San Francisco de la Espada oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:19

The church is architecturally significant as physical evidence of building practices and techniques used during the Spanish colonial period. It is the least altered of all the Texas mission churches and has the only original dome of those in San Antonio. It is a unique example of the Spanish Baroque style as used by the Franciscan Fathers of the Texas frontier.The missions' need for irrigation for the crops necessitated an elaborate system of acequias, or irrigation ditches, to channel water. The Spanish constructed seven acequias, five dams, and an aqueduct, using American Indian workers. This system extended 15 miles and irrigated 3,500 acres of land. The Espada Aqueduct was constructed in 1745 by Franciscans to serve the mission lands of Espada. It is the only remaining Spanish aqueduct in the United States.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Espada

Geolocation

29.3178, -98.45

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

restored

Current Integrity

moved along the Neches River

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

mission moved 10 miles

1721

1731

moved to present location

acequia built

1735

dam and aqueduct built

1745

grwoth/mod.

convento and small chapel built

secularization gave land to locals

1777

2nd church torn down

1824

new laterals and control gates added

1826-35

soldiers built a round stone bastion

a room was remodeled to serve as general store

adjoining former mission tracts were purchased

1887

chapel rebuilt

1911

chapel reopened with new roof floor and windows

railroad ties as beams

1915

old buildings converted into schoolrooms

1930s

stabilize ruins

1937

San Antonio Cons.Soc.purchased aqueduct and 6.5 surr. acres

1955

mission restored

convento partially rebuilt

1967

Franciscans moved into convent

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

National Park Service

Partner Groups/Organization

Archidiocese of San Antonio

Interpretive Program

Site Access

public transportation

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

Santo Domingo

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:41:34 +0000

Santo Domingo oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:41

During much of the Spanish colonial period, Santo Domingo was an important Franciscan mission center and the ecclesiastical capital of New Mexico. A mission church erected here before 1607 by Fray Juan de Escalona, was considered one of the largest and finest in New Mexico. Pueblo Revolts turned down the first church and Fray Antonio Zamora built a new church in the mid-1700s. The 1886 flooding destroyed the church and was rebuilt again around 1895 by French Father Dumarest being the one seen today.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Santo Domingo

Geolocation

35.5144, -106.3633

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

spaniards designated it as the ecclesiastical headquarters for New Mexico

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1607

built

1610

ca.1680

Pueblo Revolts burned and demolished the churches vacating the pueblo to avoid governor's reprisals

ca.1692

presumably the old church was repaired

1700s

Fray Antonio Zamora built a new church

at this time the pueblo had two churches side-by-side facing south

the older was used for burials

1887

people built levees to keep the water from Río Grande away but eventually the community is forced to remove the church doors and carry out the paintings

statues and anything that could be moved from the buildings

the floodwaters destroyed the church as well as the cementery leaving a steep bank where the building had been

1895

the church was rebuilt on high ground and resembles the previous church in style and construction

1973

historic center of pueblo including the church is added to the NRHP

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

Principal Facade Features

balcony above entrance

Ancillary Features

San Ildefonso Pueblo

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 22:01:24 +0000

San Ildefonso Pueblo oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 15:01

The Mission at San Ildefonso became the center of Franciscan activity in the north when first built. The church was burned down in the Indian revolt of 1696 and then rebuilt later by the Spanish. The new church remained practically unaltered until 1905, when several substantial alterations were made and the church was nearly entirely rebuilt.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-San Ildefonso

Geolocation

35.8998, -106.1222

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

considered a permanent mission

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1601

built

1610

1680-96

gorwth/modification

church destroyed during revolts

Antonio Velarde donated a whole chapel

1904

church was destroyed by more progressive elements of the pueblo community

1905

the archidiocese built a new church with tin roof

1957-68

reconstruction

the church was replaced with a reconstruction of the 1711 church

Source of Funding

McHugh and Hooker Bradley P. Kidder y Asociados

Interpretive Program

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

hall

Principal Facade Features

wall belfry

Ancillary Features

San Estévan del Rey, Ácoma Pueblo

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 21:52:23 +0000

San Estévan del Rey, Ácoma Pueblo oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 14:52

Continuously occupied since arrival of Spaniards in 1540, it was founded by Franciscan Father Juan Ramirez in 1629 and affected by the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. Mission San Estévan del Rey, constructed between 1629 and 1641, is the oldest church of European construction remaining in New Mexico. Ácoma was hostile to Spanish rule and the inhabitants participated in the 1680 Great Pueblo Revolt. Ácoma is a "living" pueblo and has been continuously occupied since the 12th century. Repaired and restored beginning in 1810, 1902 and 1924.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-San Estevan

Geolocation

34.8964, -107.5819

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

Source of Funding

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Ácoma Pueblo

Partner Groups/Organization

National Park Service

Interpretive Program

Site Access

National Register of Historic Places (Cochiti Pueblo)

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

San Buenaventura de Cochiti

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 21:01:47 +0000

San Buenaventura de Cochiti oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 14:01

San Buenaventura de Cochiti was completed in 1628, following the prototype for its time and location: thick adobe walls, a single nave and beamed ceiling. However, several interventions throughout the years transformed into a nondescript chapel, lacking of architectural style. Throughout the 17th century, this mission remained a visita of Santo Domingo Mission. It was one of three churches serving the Queres Nation. A 1667 reference was the first to attribute the mission name to San Buenaventura, who remains the patron saint. The present church was restored in the 1960s to what seemed its original structure but no original furnishings remain.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

Geolocation

35.6089, -106.3502

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

restored

Current Integrity

post-pueblo revolt the mission was reportedly in poor shape and being rebuilt

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

iron bell clapper stolen and re-fashioned into tools

1880s

Lt. Bourke visited and noted the church had rotten ceiling beams

was white washed on the inside and had pine planks decorated by locals

1915

the church was given a pitched tin roof and a tall steeple

original wooden balcony was removed

the 20ft tall steeple later proved to be structurally unsound and was later shortened

1960s

restoration

architect Robert Plettenberg collaborated to restore the mission to how it appeared in early photographs

Source of Funding

Archidiocese of Santa Fe

Cochiti Pueblo

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Archidiocese of Santa Fe

Partner Groups/Organization

Interpretive Program

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

simple hall

Principal Facade Features

wall belfry

Ancillary Features

San Agustín de la Isleta

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 21:47:41 +0000

San Agustín de la Isleta oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 14:47

Isleta Pueblo was established prior to the 1598 Spanish occupation of New Mexico and was burned during the Spanish attempt to reconquer the area following the 1680 Great Pueblo Revolt. Founded by Franciscan Missionaire Juan de Salas, the San Antonio convent was built in the pueblo around 1629 or 1630 but was abandoned after the burning. The adobe Church of San Augustín (1709-1710), one of the two oldest surviving mission churches in New Mexico, was built after Spanish reestablished control of the area. During the 18th and 19th centuries Isleta became one of the largest and most prosperous pueblos in New Mexico and was noted for its crops and orchards. The adobe building had a major remodeling 1923.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Isleta

Geolocation

34.909, -106.693333

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

arch built to hold bell after the bell tower deteriorated

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1880s

growth/modification

convento lost a story and gradually desintegrates

1881

a small triangular adobe rise replaced the arch and the bell was suspended within one of the first square-shaped

wood-frame belfries

1900

buttressing on side of the church

1910

corrugated iron pitched roof was built over the centuries-old flat roof supporting a third belfryon the rear

crosses were affixed on top of all of the spires and over the gable

1930s

a walkway covered with veranda roof and railing that ran across the entire facade on top of the buttresses was removed

wooden spires and belfries removed except for two tallest in the front

30ft concrete slab poured in the church courtyard

1959

drainage canals reconstructed

corbeled beams restored

traditional latillas used for flat roof restoration

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Archidiocese of Santa Fe

Partner Groups/Organization

Pueblo of Isleta

Guiding Management Plan

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

Principal Facade Features

wall belfry

twin tower belfry

clerestory

Ancillary Features

Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Zía

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 21:19:08 +0000

Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de Zía oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 14:19

The Mission Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción at Zia rests on a mesa looking eastward. Zía was the principal settlement of Cumanes province. Fray Alonso de Lugo was placed in charge of Zia in 1598 and the first church followed soon thereafter. The convent was probably founded by Fray Cristóbal de Quirós in 1610. The church was rebuilt in 1692 after the Pueblo Revolt, when takes the name of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción. Current church has been recovered with stucco with cement plaster and a golden rust tint.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Zía

Geolocation

35.5036, -106.7233

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

church falls into disuse after Pueblo Revolt

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1613

built

1680

194-1704

growth/modification

Franciscans rebuilt the mission by 1704

1923

the Committee for Preservation and Restoration of the New Mexican Mission Churches made important restoration projects

including the addition of electric lighting and fresh stucco and a concrete slab for new roof

this made Zia part of the pueblo community

1970s

the Zia pueblo added electricity and gas heating panels to the interior

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Pueblo of Zía

Guiding Management Plan

Interpretive Program

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 21:12:30 +0000

Mission Nuestra Señora de los Ángeles de Porciúncula oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 14:12

The first church at the Pecos Pueblo was probably built by the Franciscan Fray Pedro Zambrano Ortiz by 1619. The people of the pueblo would not allow construction of a church closer to their dwellings. In 1625, a more permanent church was constructed outside the walls of the pueblo of Pecos, New Mexico. After the Spanish reconquest in 1693, a smaller church was built in 1717. The walls of this later church still stand on top of the earlier church's stone foundation.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Pecos

Geolocation

35.55, -105.6894

Historical Designation

re-established smaller mission on the ruins of the old until Pecos was depopulated

National Monument

Current Use

park

Current Condition

ruins

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1880

Bandelier recorded the loss of the corbels and woodwork

1915

Jesse Nusbaum started scientific excavations and stabilization of the church and the convent

rebuilt portions of the rear wall of the sanctuary

stabilized the walls with concrete curbings

repaired the interior arches

Alfred Kidder excavated Pecos

1930s

Civilian Conservation Corps cleaned debris and attempted activities including removal of Nusbaum's concrete

they built up walls and replaced wooden beams

1960

rehabilitation

designated a National Historic Landmark

1960s

Jean Pinkley stabilized the buildings including rooms backfilled earlier

1965

designated National Monument

Jean Pinkley excavated and stabilized the 18th century church and convento

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

National Park Service

Interpretive Program

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

cruciform

Principal Facade Features

tower belfry

flat roof