National Register of Historic Places

construction of second settlement

Current Use

trail

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1749

formalization of second settlement

foundation of third mission Mission of Nuestra Señora de Candelaria

1755

missions and presidio were moved to springs along the San Marcos River

1756

moved again to the last site in present-day New Braunfels

1967

archaeological work was done by Kathleen Gilmore

1973

National Historic Landmark

added to the NRHP

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

private

Ancillary Features

acequia

San Juan Capistrano

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:15:04 +0000

San Juan Capistrano oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:15

Mission San Juan Capistrano was established in 1731 and underwent several building periods. The complex has the traditional plan of buildings and walls surrounding a central courtyard and includes the ruins of the second and third church, the foundations of some of the residential quarters, a convento (missionary quarters), granary foundation, well, and a residence. San Juan, a self-sufficient community established on rich farmland along the banks of the San Antonio River, supplied produce throughout the region.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-San Juan

Geolocation

29.3327, -98.4553

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

reestablished and renamed

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1756

stone church friary and granary were completed

1772

attempt of construction of a new larger church

1780s

rehab

buildings in convento temporarily used as church

building north of the friary converted into interim church

this church is in use today

1824-27

mission secularized

1858

F.Bouchu comes to live at San Juan and builds a house

1887

preserv

chapel is reroofed and repaired for services

1902

San Antonio preservationists obtained a 5yr lease of the chapel but nothing came out of it

1909

Federal relief workers reroofed mission and rebuilt unfinished walls across plaza

hospedería Indian Quarters late colonial church and convento

1967

rebuilt priest's quarters and excavation led by Mardith Schuetz

1967-68

two-room structure using standing portions of Indian quarter's walls

1969

1972

added to NRHP

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Archidiocese of San Antonio

Partner Groups/Organization

Interpretive Program

Site Access

bicycle

Principal Building Materials

stone

Plan Type

hall

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

San José y San Miguel de Aguayo

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:02:56 +0000

San José y San Miguel de Aguayo oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:02

Founded in 1720, this mission was named for Saint Joseph and the Marqués de San Miguel de Aguayo, the governor of the Province of Coahuila and Texas at the time. It was built on the banks of the San Antonio River and founded by Father Antonio Margil de Jesús. La ventana de la Rosa, the Rose Window, together with the main façade, have been considered one of the finest examples of baroque architecture in North America. Misson San José is today an active parish.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Aguayo

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

mission moved to current location

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1747-52

construction of granary and convent

1760s

perimeter stone wall built

1768-82

stone church completed

1813

church used for target practice during Mex. Rev.

San Antonio Consv. Soc. purchased granary and adjacent tracts of original mission

mission is secularized

restoring efforts by WPA

1932-36

reconstruction

H.P.Smith and Bishop J. Shaw reconstructed the spanish residence and grape arbor

major reconstruction using modern materials

arches stabilized and vigas replaced

1983

National Historic Park created

doc.HABS

1988

preserv

frescos and sculptures restored

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

San Antonio Conservation Society

Partner Groups/Organization

Interpretive Program

Site Access

balcony above entrance portal

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

San Francisco de la Espada

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:19:23 +0000

San Francisco de la Espada oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:19

The church is architecturally significant as physical evidence of building practices and techniques used during the Spanish colonial period. It is the least altered of all the Texas mission churches and has the only original dome of those in San Antonio. It is a unique example of the Spanish Baroque style as used by the Franciscan Fathers of the Texas frontier.The missions' need for irrigation for the crops necessitated an elaborate system of acequias, or irrigation ditches, to channel water. The Spanish constructed seven acequias, five dams, and an aqueduct, using American Indian workers. This system extended 15 miles and irrigated 3,500 acres of land. The Espada Aqueduct was constructed in 1745 by Franciscans to serve the mission lands of Espada. It is the only remaining Spanish aqueduct in the United States.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Espada

Geolocation

29.3178, -98.45

Historical Designation

National Historic Landmark

Current Use

Current Condition

restored

Current Integrity

moved along the Neches River

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

mission moved 10 miles

1721

1731

moved to present location

acequia built

1735

dam and aqueduct built

1745

grwoth/mod.

convento and small chapel built

secularization gave land to locals

1777

2nd church torn down

new laterals and control gates added

1826-35

soldiers built a round stone bastion

a room was remodeled to serve as general store

adjoining former mission tracts were purchased

1887

chapel rebuilt

1911

chapel reopened with new roof floor and windows

railroad ties as beams

1915

old buildings converted into schoolrooms

1930s

stabilize ruins

1937

San Antonio Cons.Soc.purchased aqueduct and 6.5 surr. acres

1955

mission restored

convento partially rebuilt

1967

Franciscans moved into convent

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Archidiocese of San Antonio

Partner Groups/Organization

Interpretive Program

self-guided

guides available

Site Access

private vehicle

Principal Building Materials

Plan Type

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:31:38 +0000

Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:31

Oldest mission site yet discovered in Spanish Texas, the oldest European site yet discovered in East Texas and the oldest site yet discovered known to bear the name Tejas. It served as the headquarters of the three western College of Queretaro Missions under the direction of Fray Isidro Felix Espinosa. Mission Concepción was founded in 1716 in what is now eastern Texas in the homeland of the faming Hanai Indians. Due to a lack of supplies, epidemic and the war between the French and Spanish, the Mission was moved briefly to the Austin area around 1730 and finally re-established in San Antonio in 1731 as Mission Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de Acuña where it is now an important part of the San Antonio Missions National Historic Park.

NPS-Acuña

Geolocation

29.3622, -98.4797

Historical Designation

Current Use

park

Current Condition

Current Integrity

moved closer to Presidio San Antonio de Bexar

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1755

wooden structures replaced with adobe and stone

1790

Grist mill constructed

1794

mission lands distributed to Indians

seculatization began

1813

headquarters for Mex-Rev

Texas Revolutionary War Battle fought here

indian quarters sold

1835

1848ish

American supply deport in Mex-Am war

1855

Brother Edel setup a church-owned farm

1860

Church and buildings turned over the Society of Mary

church cleaned repaired and reopened

mission road realigned

1911-1913

Bishop Shaw relandscaped and refurbished the church and reopened

first large-scale resotoration

visitor's center built

1970

added to the NRHP

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

San Antonio Missions National Historic Park

Partner Groups/Organization

Guiding Management Plan

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

limestone

adobe

Plan Type

cruciform

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

Nuestra Señora de la Luz de Orcoquisa

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 22:16:32 +0000

Nuestra Señora de la Luz de Orcoquisa oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 15:16

Nuestra Señora de la Luz Mission was established in 1756 on the east bank of the Trinity River near the site of present-day Wallisville in northern Chambers County. The mission and presidio complex attempted to prevent further French contact with the Orcoquiza and Bidai Indians and their neighbors. Two friars from the College of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Zacatecas, Bruno Chavira and Marcos Satarain, presided over the mission, which was completed in 1757...In 1936 the state of Texas placed a marker on the west side of the Trinity River to denote the general location of the mission and presidio at El Orcoquisac. In 1965 and 1966, however, John V. Clay, supported by archeological excavations, established that the site was instead on the east bank of the Trinity, near Lake Miller. Almost no traces of the Spanish occupation remain.

Geolocation

29.5, -95.27

Historical Designation

mission was moved closer to the presidio and rebuilt of timber

Current Use

park

Current Condition

archaeological site

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1756 built

1757

growth/modification

clay and moss

and roofed with palmetto

the mission and presidio suffered from lack of supplies

1766

a hurracaine swept through and severely damaged the mission

buildings were rebuilt and relocated as a result

1767

Marquez de Rubi and Nicolás de Lafora concluded that the mission and the presidio had little strategic importance

1771

El Orcoquisac was lft empty and its location was lost for many years afterward

1965

The site of Orcoquisac was rediscovered by John V. Clay in 1965 and was confirmed by later archaeological investigation

no extant structures

1972

added to the National Register Historical Places as part of an archaeological district

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Wallisville Heritage Park

Principal Building Materials

Ancillary Features

Nuestra Señora de la Bahía del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:08:26 +0000

Nuestra Señora de la Bahía del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:08

This Mission was founded by Franciscan pirests in 1722. Like the French settlement at Matagorda Bay, the Spanish fort and missions did not last long, failing to grow crops and attract the local peoples to convert. Therefore, the mission was moved in 1726 near what is today Victoria, Texas where the Tamique and Aranama peoples lived. It stayed there for 26 years, but later they moved to what is Goliad, Texas near the bank of the San Antonio River helping protect El Camino la Bahía, a major trade route to the north and east. The settlement was initially built with jacal, or wattle-and-daub. Over time these were replaced with stone buildings. Today, this mission is mantained as part of the Goliad State Park and Historic Site.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Zúñiga

Geolocation

28.644411, -97.438718

Historical Designation

Current Use

park

Current Condition

Current Integrity

mission was moved near Victoria TX

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1749

mission moved to Goliad TX

1794

1830

mission was secularized after native people's abandonment of the site

1840s

the mission failed in disrepair as the Roman Catholic diocese failed to get its ownership

1846

The Goliad city council disposes of the mission reserving the structure and twenty acres of land for county or college buildings

granted the right to carry away loose rocks

1848

became a female Baptist College

1852

started a presbyterian college for Mexicans

1930s

reconstruction

CCC rebuilt the mission

1931

transferred to the state to preserve it as a historical park

1936-1941

NPS made research for resotration

1970s

Texas Parks and Wildlife rehabilitated structures and built exhibits

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Texas Parks and Wildlife Department

Partner Groups/Organization

Interpretive Program

Site Access

Principal Building Materials

stone

Plan Type

hall

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

Corpus Christi de la Ysleta del Sur (Ysleta Mission)

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 19:55:35 +0000

Corpus Christi de la Ysleta del Sur (Ysleta Mission) oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 12:55

Ysleta Mission was constructed in 1744 in part to serve the Tigua Indian community which had fled New Mexico during the Pueblo Revolt. The site was also known by the Spaniards as Corpus Christi de la Isleta. In 1881 the Jesuits took over the church and renamed it Nuestra Señora del Monte Carmelo.The present church was constructed in 1851. Its distinctive silver-domed bell tower was added in 1897. Fire severely damaged the structure in 1907, but it was soon repaired.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Ysleta

Geolocation

31.6912, -106.3276

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

build third Ysleta new location

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

the church was destroyed by nature being rebuilt and gas and electricity systems installed

1918

Barrio de los Indios had been incorporated into the town of Ascarate

a school is established

1937

HABS survey conducted

1940s

1950

protective concrete belt is added and HABS reports the building has no foundations

1972

site enters NRHP

1980

parts of the building is used as auditorioum

classrooms and kitchen

1990 preservation

archaeologists uncovered the remains of Ysleta Jacal associated with the Mission Ysleta

Jurisdiction/Ownership/Management

Conventual Franciscans

Partner Groups/Organization

Diosesis of El Paso

Interpretive Program

self-guided

Site Access

private vehicle

Principal Building Materials

concrete

Plan Type

cruciform

Principal Facade Features

Ancillary Features

Santo Domingo

oia — Wed, 23 Jun 2021 23:41:34 +0000

Santo Domingo oia Wed, 06/23/2021 - 16:41

During much of the Spanish colonial period, Santo Domingo was an important Franciscan mission center and the ecclesiastical capital of New Mexico. A mission church erected here before 1607 by Fray Juan de Escalona, was considered one of the largest and finest in New Mexico. Pueblo Revolts turned down the first church and Fray Antonio Zamora built a new church in the mid-1700s. The 1886 flooding destroyed the church and was rebuilt again around 1895 by French Father Dumarest being the one seen today.

FLOOR PLAN
TYPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

NPS-Santo Domingo

Geolocation

35.5144, -106.3633

Historical Designation

Current Use

Current Condition

Current Integrity

spaniards designated it as the ecclesiastical headquarters for New Mexico

Chronology of Preservation Treatments

1607

built

1610

ca.1680

Pueblo Revolts burned and demolished the churches vacating the pueblo to avoid governor's reprisals

ca.1692

presumably the old church was repaired

1700s

Fray Antonio Zamora built a new church

at this time the pueblo had two churches side-by-side facing south

the older was used for burials

1887